The Dynamics of the Implementation of Islamic Law in Aceh: Historical Challenges and Issues
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53802/hikmah.v21i2.444Keywords:
Islamic Sharia, Sultanate of Aceh, Qonun, Aceh HistoryAbstract
Aceh is known as a region that is characterized by the application of Islamic law in its life system. However, the implementation does not always go well, there are challenges and problems faced. In this regard, this research aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic sharia in Aceh during the sultanate era and how the implementation of Islamic sharia during Aceh's time as a province of the Republic of Indonesia. The study uses a descriptive historical approach and method, so that data verification of the application of Islamic sharia periodically can be collected, analyzed and explained easily periodically. The results show that Islamic Shari'a in Aceh has been enforced since the sultanate era. For example, during the time of Sultan Alaiddin Ri'ayat Syah II al-Qahhar who applied qishash law against his son. Similarly, Sultan Iskandar Muda sentenced his son, Meurah Pupok, to stoning after he was found guilty of adultery. During Aceh's time as one of the provinces of Indonesia, the implementation of Islamic sharia refers to the laws of Aceh's specialty and regional autonomy, namely Law No. 1/1957, Law No. 44/1999; Qanun No. 5/2000, Law No. 11/2006; Qanun No. 2/2009; MPU Fatwa No. 11/2013, and Qanun No. 8/2014.
References
A. Muchsin, M. (2012). The Dynamics of Sufism in Aceh in the 20th Century: Historical, Socio-Political, and Religious Studies. Arraniry Press and Aceh Manuscript Institute.
Adan, H. Y. (2005). The History of Aceh and the Tsunami. Ar-Ruzz Press.
Al-Chaidar. (2012). The Free Aceh Movement, The Jihad of the Acehnese People to Realize an Islamic State. Madani Press.
Alidar, E. M.. (2021, June 19). Realizing Islamic LKS. Serambi Indonesia Daily, 01. https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2021/06/18/mewujudkan-lks-yang-islami
Andani, M. (2022). Legal Politics of the Implementation of Islamic Syari'at In Aceh. Ar-Risalah Scientific Journal: Islamic Media, Education and Islamic Law,20 (2), 278-287. https://www.ejournal.iaiibrahimy.ac.id/index.php/arrisalah/article/view/1554
Bahri, S. (2018). Wilayatul Hisbah & Sharia Islam In Aceh: A Review of Legal Authority and Legality. Jurisprudence: Journal of Sharia Science, Legislation and Islamic Economics,9 (1), 24-34. https://journal.iainlangsa.ac.id/index.php/jurisprudensi/article/view/415
Birchok, D. A. (2016). Women, Genealogical Inheritance and Sufi Authority: The Female Saints of Seunagan, Indonesia. Asian Studies Review,40 (4), 583-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2016.1224999
Edward, A. (2009). Islam and Nation: Separatist Rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. NUS Press.
Ernalis, F. (2017). The Authority of Wilayatul Hisbah (WH) in the Development of Islamic Shari'a in Aceh (Case Study In Bireuen District). Variations: Almuslim University Scientific Magazine, 9(1), 2656–2979.
Fakhriati, F., Kustini, K., Mu'jizah, M., Fuad, M., & Warnis, W. (2023). How to Challenge The Life Women Resiliency In Acehnese Matrilocal System: Philological and Anthropological Approaches. Samarah: Journal of Family Law and Islamic Law,7 (3), 1468-1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.18797
Ghalib, J., & Minin, D. (2017). Reconstruction of Status And Authority of The Sharia Court in the National Judicial System Based on Justice. The 2nd Proceeding Indonesia Clean of Corruption in 2020,1 (1), 667-673. https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/the2ndproceeding/article/view/1135/871
Hakim, H. A., Sung, M. H., Praja, C. B. E., Masithoh, M. Q. D., & Aisy, S. R. (2022). The Islamic Law within the Indonesian Legal System (A Case Study of Islamic Sharia Law in Aceh) . Tsaqafah,17 (2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6213
Hamdani. (2019). Enforcement of Islamic Sharia in Aceh in the Perspective of Human Rights. Reusam: Journal of Legal Science, 7(2), 15–39.
Hardi. (1993). The Special Region of Aceh, Its Political Background and Future. PT. Cita Panca Serangkai.
Hasjmy, A. (1983). Aceh culture in history. Monash University.
Hasni, K. (2021). Qanun Jinayat And Sharia Police: A New Violence in the Context of Gender in Aceh Indonesia. Musãwa Journal of Gender and Islamic Studies,19 (2), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2020.192-187-203
Heidhues, M. S. (2005). An Early Traveler's Comvendium: Caspar Schmalkalden's Images of Asia. https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_2005_num_70_1_3976
Husin, A. (2015). Women and Shariâ €˜ah Law: Lessons from Aceh. Ar Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies,2 (2), 165-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jar.v2i2.7504
Ibrahimy, M. N. El. (1986). Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh. PT Gunung Agung.
Idris, S. (1977). The Urgency of Cultivating Tradition Values in the Formation of Acehnese Character: An analysis of the role of Hadih Maja. Fathun Qarib Mosque.
Illham, M. (2016). The Role of Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh in the Uprising in Aceh 1953-1962. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/32193
Irham, M. (2014). The Position of Islamic Sharia in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Nad) in the National Legal System. Mentari: Scientific Magazine of Muhammadiyah Aceh University,12 (1), 76-89. http://ejournal.unmuha.ac.id/index.php/mentari/article/view/35
Khaldun, I. (2004). al-Muqaddimah. Al-Kautsar.
Mafazi, S. S. (Sarwan). (2022). Enforcement of Aceh Sharia Customary Law for Aceh's Non-Muslim Communities. Lex Generalis Law Journal,3 (6), 490-496. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i6.274
Muchsin, M. A. (1998). Utilization of Hadih Maja in Acehnese Society, research report. Research Center IAIN Ar-Raniry.
Muchsin, M. A. (2008). Salik Buta: The Acehnese School of Tasawwuf in the Twentieth Century. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies,42 (1), 177-198. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2004.421.177-198
Muchsin, M. A., & Armi, F. (2024). Rohingya Muslim Ethnicity: History and Future Dilemma of Islam in Myanmar. Hikmah,2 (1), 206-218. https://doi.org/10.53802/hikmah.v21i1.398
Mukhlis, M. (2014). The Specialty and Specificity of Aceh in the Perspective of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Legal Science,4 (1), 76-99. https://repository.unimal.ac.id/1728/
Mustakim, & Zarzani, T. R. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Khamar Crimes in the Perspective of Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 Concerning Jinayah. Law&Pass: International Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Studies,1 (2), 102-119. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12569232
Rani, F. A. (Faisal), Fikri, F. (Fikri), & Mahfud, M. (Mahfud). (2020). Islam and National Law: A Formal Legal Review on Sharia Laws in Aceh. Al-Risalah,17 (2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6213
Shadiqin, S. I. (2010). Islam in a Cosmopolite Society: Is Aceh's Islamic Shari'a Relevant for Modern Society? Contextualita: Journal of Social and Religious Research,25 (1), 30-42. e-journal.iainjambi.ac.id/index.php/kontekstualita/article/view/9
Terrill, D. R., Friedman, D. G., Gottschalk, L. A., & Haaga, D. A. F. (2002). Construct validity of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality Assessment,79 (3), 550-563. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7903_09
Wahid, A. (2013). The Role of Ulama in the State in Aceh. Madania: Journal of Islamic Studies, 17(1), 85–92.
Zada, K. (2015). The Politics of Islamic Sharia Enforcement in Aceh and Kelantan (1993-2014). Al-Ihkam: Journal of Law & Social Institutions,10 (1), 41-70. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v10i1.588
